USGS Unveils First-Ever U.S. Geologic Hydrogen Prospectivity Map

In a landmark publication released in January 2025, the U.S. Geological Survey published the first publicly available prospectivity map for geologic hydrogen accumulations in the conterminous United States. This groundbreaking work, designated as Professional Paper 1900, represents a paradigm shift in how scientists view natural hydrogen—from geological curiosity to potentially significant energy resource.

High-Priority Exploration Regions

The USGS map highlights several promising regions: a mid-continent zone spanning Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota, and Michigan (following the ancient Midcontinent Rift); the Four Corners area encompassing Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah; coastal California; and areas along the Eastern seaboard. These regions show the necessary geological conditions for hydrogen generation, storage, and preservation.

Methodology and Science

The prospectivity assessment identifies areas where three critical factors align: hydrogen source mechanisms (serpentinization of iron-rich rocks or radiolysis from natural radiation), porous reservoir rocks capable of storing hydrogen, and sealing formations that prevent gas escape. This systematic approach marks the first continental-scale hydrogen prospectivity mapping effort anywhere in the world.

Resource Potential

While the USGS has not published specific volume estimates, preliminary studies suggest millions of tonnes of hydrogen could be trapped in subsurface accumulations across the mapped regions. The assessment challenges the long-held assumption that natural hydrogen couldn't accumulate in economically significant quantities—a belief that had discouraged exploration for decades.

Industry Response

The map has already catalyzed exploration activity. Multiple companies, including well-funded ventures like Koloma, are reportedly evaluating prospects in the highlighted regions. Current U.S. exploration efforts concentrate most intensely along the Midcontinent Rift in Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa. Congressional briefings in early 2024 explored policy frameworks for geologic hydrogen development, signaling growing government interest.

Strategic Importance

As the United States pursues net-zero emissions targets, domestic sources of clean hydrogen could prove crucial for decarbonizing heavy industry, long-haul transportation, and energy storage. The USGS mapping effort provides a scientific foundation for what could become a major American energy industry—potentially rivaling the shale revolution in economic and strategic impact.

Sources: Based on USGS Professional Paper 1900 and S&P Global reports (January 2025)